Absolute Power
Photograph by Ira Block
The slightest of raised platforms signifies the exalted status of a shogun, shown in a mannequin display at Nijo Castle in Kyoto. In this ornate reception room—where bodyguards hid behind screens and a page held ready the shogun's sword—the warrior leader received visits from his feudal lords. The last of the shoguns came to this castle in 1867 to resign his office in the presence of the emperor. Decades of weak government and financial woes, and the inability of the shogun's forces to meet the threats of U.S. ships arriving in Japan's harbors, spelled the demise of samurai rule.